Gasket or packing.



C. H. VAN NOSTRAND.'

GASKET 0R PACKING.

Arrmouron HLED un. 5. 1909.

916,805 Patntea Mar. 3o, 1909;

wlmfssfs E i o mvg/won A ,m0/Mrs CHARLES H. VAN NOSTRAND, OF ORANGE, NEWJERSEY.

GASKET OR FACKING.

To all whom it 'may cof/teem.'

yBe it known that I, CHARLES H. Nos'rRAND, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of the city of Orange, county of Essex, State ofNew Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gaskets lapparatus I and Packings, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure lillustrates a plan view of a gasket embodying my invention; Fig. 2illustrates an edgewise view Fig. l; Fig. 3 illustrates a detail planview showing three parts of the fibrous material composing the gasket orpacking and two strands of the metal or other binder, the ends of all ofthe parts being broken ofl; Fig. 4 illustrates a vertical sectional viewof a gasket or acking showing the preferred relation of t e parts toeach other at one stage in the manufacture; Fig. 5 illustrates a viewthe same as Fig. 4, the top and bottom surfaces ofy the packing havingbeen leveled and brought down to position by pressure; Fig. 6illustrates a clip for confining the end Lof the binder which in thisinstance is shown as a solid strand or wire.

In the manufacture of gaskets and packin s of the class here underconsideration, diV culty has been experienced in giving sufficientstrength to the structure to withstand the blowing out strains to whichit is subjected in use, and this difficulty is more pronouncedlyencountered when the gasket or packing is made of asbestos or asbestoscombined with other fibrous material, owing to the fact that asbestoshas but little cohesion, hence little strength when laid up in tape-likeor similar form. j

Various expedients have been resorted to to increase the strength ofgaskets and packings, especially when made entirely or partly ofasbestos and they have been attended with greater or less success, butnone of them, so far as I am aware, accomplish the object soeffectively, inexpensively and permanently as I secure by the inventionabout to be described.

Referring to the drawings, l represents a tape-like layer of the fibrousmaterial of which the gasket or packing is composed. In the caseillustrated it is pure asbestos'. It may be made of any preferredfibrous material, or of two or more different kinds of fibrous material.I prefer to give the Specification of Letters Patent. Application filedJanuary 5, 1909.

VAN illustrated in Fig. 4, by

Patented March 30, 1909.

Serial N0. 470,872.

tape or strand a concave-convex form, as the employment ol' suitableapparatus, and I prefer also to make the packing upon a suitable form tosecure accuracy in its shape and size. This do not illustrate, however,because it forms no essential part of this invention, and their specialconstruction is immaterial, as is also the special form of gasket orpacking made by them, the shapes shown in the drawings being merely exofthat which is shown in l amples of forms in which the structure may bemade. I prefer that the fibrous material composing each gasket orpacking shall be continuous, or all in one piece, so that there may beno joints therein.

2 represents what I term the binder. It, the same as the fibrousmaterial, is prefer'- ably in a single continuous length, so that itshall be without joint in any single gasket or packing, and I prefer tomake it of some non-corrosive metal, such as brass or copper wire, andinstead of having the wire in the form of a single strand, as shown inFig. 6, I prefer to make it of a series of fine wires or strands looselyintertwined, so as to present a rough or uneven surface, exteriorly, asshown in the other figures which aids in producing friction between theparts; and I prefer also to so dispose the several strands that thebinder shall have an oblong shape in cross-section, as shown in Figs. 4and 5, so that the same may be more readily embedded in the adjoiningsurfaces of contiguous layers of the fibrous material. The material ofwhich the binder is formed should be of sufficient strength to standconsiderable strain because in laying up the gasket or packing, thefibrous material and the binder are contemporaneously coiled or laid inposition, the material being subjected to a certain strain and thebinder a greater strain, so that the surfaces of the tape being coatedwith suitable cementitious material, not illustrated, may be attached toeach other and the binder will be drawn forcibly down into the structureof the tape and partially or wholly embedded therein, as shown, so as toproduce a firm, rigid and semi-solid structure. The binder may be madeof fibrous material, if preferred, and likewise it may be of corrosivemetal, as for instance steel wire, because in some uses the objectionsresulting from corrosion or rust would not arise and so far as fibrousmaterial for the binder is concerned, if the gaskets or packings belarge a sufficiently strong binder can be made from fibrous material. Y

After the required number of convolutions have been coiled together tomake the size vgasket or packing desired, then the tape is out off,- orit may have been cut into the proper length before the ceiling operationcommenced and the severed end is preferably reduced in thickness so asto leave a smooth exterior surface on the packing', and about theoutermost coil i prefer to make two or more laps of the binder asillustrated at 3 in Fig. 2, so as to firmly secure and bind the gasketor packing together by encircling it with a hooplike band composed ofthe plurality of coils of the binder. ln many instances, however, asingle strand of the binder, the same as that which is deposited betweenthe several convolutions of the fibrous material will suffice and inorder to suitably fasten the exterior end of the binder, l prefer towrap its terminal end about the last convolution of the binder and afterit has been drawn forcibly into position to hold it there by a clip,shown at i in Fig. 6, the ends of the clip being provided with parts 5,5, which may be bent over upon the end of the binder and hammered down,thus holding the same.

It will be noted that the edges of the several convolutions of thefibrous material, if they be made concave-convex, as preferred, willproject at the sides of the packing or gasket, as shown at 7 in F ig. e.In order to make these surfaces smoother and more continuous and hencebetter adapted to serve the purpose, l prefer to coat the surfaces afterthe packing or gasket has been made with a suitable cementitiousmaterial, as, for example, rubber cement, and then subject them to acompressing action, so that the upwardly projecting edges 7, 7, will beiiattened down and rendered relatively smooth, as shown in Fig. 5. lalso sometimes, in order to give still greater smoothness and tightnessto the packing or gasket, wrap about the same an exterior covering 8,see Fig. l, of asbestos or similar cloth, which may be beneficiallyattached to the packing or gasket by suitable cementitious material.

The simplicity, inexpensiveness and durability of packings or gasketsmade under my invention are apparent and it will be particularly noticedthat it will be practically impossible to burst or blow out a gasket oracking so made, because each coil of the Ebrous material has its ownreinforcing binder in addition to, the cementitious material to hold itin place and this binding material is not in the form of threads orstrands of fibrous material or metal interwoven in the l' i i i l l l ,ii

body of the fibrous material which could be put under no greater' strainthan the fibrous materiel or tape will itself withstand, on thecontrary, it has a separate binder or reinfor e having inherently muchgreater strength than the fibrous material and which is wrapped aboutthe outside of each successive layer or coil thereof and is forciblydrawn down upon it so as to bind it exteriorly against the thrust of thepressures from the interior, after the manner of a barrel hoop, which isperhaps the best known method in which to dispose such reinforcingmaterial, and furthermore upon the exterior of the packing, consideredas a whole, the strong binder is made additionally effective bymultiplying its coils or convolutions and straining upon the same tosuch degree that it is embedded within the outer coil of the fibrousmaterial, thus surrounding the whole with a band or hoop capable ofresisting great bursting strains. By my construction also the beneficialresults arising from friction between the parts are availed of in a veryeflicient manner. f

lt will be obvious to those who are familiar with this art thatmodifications may be made in the details of construction above describedand illustrated without departing from the essentials of the inventionand also, as heretofore stated that the invention is applicable topackings and gaskets of a great variety of forms or constructionsadapted to a great variety of uses. Also although in this specificationl have referred to the fibrous material as being in tape like or strandform, I do not mean to be understood as saying that that is the onlyform in which the material may be used, because l contemplate using itat any stage of its manufacture. i therefore do not limit myself to thedetails as described and illustrated nor to the form of the inventionshown.

i claim:

1. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abindin member coiled together into the desired form, the binding memberbeing on the outside.

2. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member coiled together into the desired form, the bindingmemberbeing on the outside Vand cementitious material between the contactingsurfaces of the several coils of the fibrous member.

3. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member each continuous throughout its length, coiled togetherinto the desired form, the binding member being on the outside. Y

4. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member each continuous throughout its length, coiled togetherinto the desired form, the binding member being on the outside andcementitious material between the contacting surfaces of the severalcoils of the fibrous material.

5. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member coiled together into the desired form, the binding memberbeing on the outside, the upper and lower edges of the fibrous materialbeing compressed into a smooth uniform surface.

6. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member coiled together into the desired form, the binding memberbeing on the outside and a wrapper of fibrous material about thestructure* 7. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous memberand a binding member coiled together into the desired form, a coil ofthe bindino' member being on the outside of each coil of the fibrousmember and a plurality of coils of the binding member surrounding theoutermost coil of the fibrous member.

8. A structure of the class stated embodyin a brous member and a bindingmember coiled together into the desired form, each member beingcontinuous throughout its length, cementitious material between the lcontacting surfaces of each coil ofthe fibrous member, each coil of thebinding member being on the outside of each coil of the fibrous memberand a plurality of coils of the binding member surrounding the outermostcoil of the fibrous member.

9. A structure of the class stated embodying a fibrous member and abinding member coiled together into the desired form, each member beingcontinuous throughout its length, cementitious material between thecontacting surfaces of each coil of the 'fibrous member7 each coil ofthe binding member being on the outside of each coil of the fibrousmember and a plurality of coils ofthe binding member surrounding theoutermost coil of' the fibrous member and a wrapper of fibrous materialabout the structure.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. VAN NOSTRAND.

Witnesses:

F. M. DoUsBAcH, VINCENT SCULLY.

